Breast cancer diagnosis

If you notice any of the symptoms of breast cancer, it is important to see a doctor as soon as possible. They will be able to examine you and refer you for further tests if necessary.

On this page:

How is breast cancer diagnosed?

Tests used to diagnose breast cancer

When to see a doctor

How is breast cancer diagnosed?

The first step in diagnosing breast cancer is a physical examination of the breasts and armpits. The doctor will also ask about your medical history and any family history of breast cancer.

If the doctor finds any abnormalities during the physical examination, they may refer you for further tests, such as:

  • Mammogram
  • Breast ultrasound
  • Biopsy

Tests used to diagnose cancer

The following tests are used to diagnose breast cancer:

Mammogram

A mammogram is an X-ray of the breast. It is the most common test used to screen for breast cancer in women aged 50 to 70

Breast ultrasound

A breast ultrasound is a scan of the breast using sound waves. It is often used alongside a mammogram to get a better look at a suspicious area

Biopsy

A biopsy is a procedure where a small sample of breast tissue is removed and examined under a microscope to check for cancer cells. There are different types of biopsies, including:

  • Fine needle aspiration (FNA): A thin needle is inserted into the breast to remove a small sample of cells;
  • Core needle biopsy: A thicker needle is inserted into the breast to remove a larger sample of tissue;
  • Surgical biopsy: A small incision is made in the breast and a sample of tissue is removed.

When to see a doctor

It is important to note that not all breast lumps are cancerous. In fact, most breast lumps are benign (non-cancerous). However, it is always best to have any new or unusual breast lumps checked by a doctor.

You should see a doctor if you notice any of the following breast cancer symptoms:

  • A new lump or thickening in your breast or armpit
  • A change in size, shape or feel of your breast
  • Skin changes in the breast such as puckering, dimpling, a rash or redness of the skin
  • Fluid leaking from your nipple in a woman who isn't pregnant or breastfeeding
  • Changes in the position of your nipple
  • Breast pain

Get more trusted information about breast cancer

About us

Cancer Support UK is a registered charity that operates across the UK, providing practical and emotional support to those living with and beyond cancer. We provide Cancer Kits to those who are currently receiving treatment for cancer, and our Cancer Coach programme supports people who have had cancer as they recover from the trauma of diagnosis and treatment.